Quantitative assessment of the groundwater potential of small basins in parts of southeastern Nigeria

نویسندگان

  • K. O. UMA
  • M. O. KEHINDE
چکیده

The baseflow characteristics of some of the numerous small basins in southeastern Nigeria have been analysed to estimate the developable groundwater in the basins. It is shown that from 5.62 X 10 to 1.59 X 10 m of groundwater can be developed per square kilometre of basin per annum. The relationship between the baseflow characteristics and other attributes of the basins, such as geology and stream density, were studied statistically, leading to the development of empirical equations for predicting the hydrological features of the several ungauged streams in the region. It is shown, for example, that the basin geology (represented as the percentage of sands), the drainage density, the basin area, the baseflow depletion rate and the total groundwater stored in the basin, Q, , are related by the equation: Q!p = -1.85 x 10 -7.96 x 10A/ + 4.18 X l O V " 2 0 1 x 1 ° 6 # + 6.25xl0vra where del is drainage density; gf geological factor; df depletion factor; and wa basin area. Détermination quantitative du potentiel des eaux souterraines de petits bassins dans certaines parties de la sud-est du Nigeria Résumé Les caractéristiques de l'écoulement dans plusieurs petits bassins de la sud-est du Nigeria ont été analysées, afin de pouvoir estimer un bilan des ressources en eau exploitables. Les résultats obtenus indiquent ainsi qu'un volume d'eau de 5.62 X 10 à 1.59 X 10 m km" an"' peut être exploité sur ces bassins. Par ailleurs une corrélation entre les caractéristiques de l'écoulement et les paramètres spécifiques de ces bassins, tels que les caractéristiques géologiques et la densité de drainage, a permis l'établissement de formules empiriques pour approcher les mécanismes hydrologiques intervenant au niveau de plusieurs cours d'eau non équipés d'une station de jaugeage. Il ressort notamment de cette étude que la réserve d'eau emmagasinée dans un bassin (QJ) peut être exprimée en fonction de l'indice géologique (gf) de celui-ci (exprimé par le pourcentage de sable contenu dans les formations qui composent ce bassin), de la densité de son drainage (dd), de sa surface (wa) et de son coefficient de tarissement (df), suivant une relation de la forme: Qtp = -1.85 x 10 -7.96 X 1 0 * ^ + 4.18 x 10V-2-01 x 10df + 6.25xl0wa * on study leave from Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enuga State, Nigeria. Open for discussion unlit 1 February 1993 360 K. O. Uma & M. 0. Kehinde

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تاریخ انتشار 2007